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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder: How Maternal Alcohol Consumption Affects Neurobehavior, Neurodevelopment, and Alters Gene Methylation

Introduction

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder (FASD) is characterized by a set of behaviors that are brought on by fetal alcohol exposure during utero, causing an abnormal neurodevelopmental process [3]. Despite it being preventable, approximately 2% to 5% of United States schoolchildren are impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), with 6-9 out of 1,000 actually being diagnosed with this disorder [1,2,3]. Severe consequences of fetal ethanol exposure consist of miscarriages, stillbirths, and premature delivery [2].